ABSTRACT
Objective: To provide a new solution for the digital design of nasal prostheses, this study explores the three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology completion method for external nasal defects based on the non-rigid registration process of 3D face template. Methods: A total of 20 male patients with tooth defect and dentition defect who visited the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June to December 2022 were selected, age 18-45 years old. The original 3D facial data of patients were collected, and the 3D facial data of the external nose defect was constructed in Geomagic Wrap 2021 software. Using the structured 3D face template data constructed in the previous research of the research group, the 3D face template was deformed and registered to the 3D facial data of external nose defect (based on the morphology of non-defective area) by non-rigid registration algorithm (MeshMonk program), and the personalized deformed data of the 3D face template was obtained, as the complemented facial 3D data. Based on the defect boundary of the 3D facial data of the external nose defect, the complemented external nose 3D data can be cut out from the complemented facial 3D data. Then the nasofacial angle and nasolabial angle of the complemented facial 3D data and the original 3D facial data was compared and analyzed, the ratio between the nose length and mid-face height, nose width and medial canthal distance of the complemented facial 3D data was measured, the edge fit between the edge curve of the complemented external nose 3D data and the defect edge curve of the 3D facial data of external nose defect was evaluated, and the morphological difference of the nose between the complemented external nose 3D data and the original 3D facial data was analyzed. Results: There was no significant statistically difference (t=-0.23, P=0.823; Z=-1.72, P=0.086) in the nasofacial angle (28.2°±2.9°, 28.4°±3.5° respectively) and nasolabial angle [95.4°(19.2°), 99.9°(9.5°) respectively] between the 20 original 3D facial data and the complemented facial 3D data. The value of the ratio of nose length to mid-face height in the complemented facial 3D data was 0.63±0.03, and the value of the ratio of nose width to medial canthal distance was 1.07±0.08. The curve deviation (root mean square value) between the edge curve of the complemented external nose 3D data and the defect edge curve of the 3D facial data of external nose defect was (0.37±0.09) mm, the maximum deviation was (1.14±0.32) mm, and the proportion of the curve deviation value within±1 mm was (97±3)%. The distance of corresponding nose landmarks between the complemented facial 3D data and the original 3D facial data were respectively, Nasion: [1.52(1.92)] mm; Pronasale: (3.27±1.21) mm; Subnasale: (1.99±1.09) mm; Right Alare: (2.64±1.34) mm; Left Alare: (2.42± 1.38) mm. Conclusions: The method of 3D facial morphology completion of external nose defect proposed in this study has good feasibility. The constructed complemented external nose 3D data has good facial coordination and edge fit, and the morphology is close to the nose morphology of the original 3D facial data.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To preliminarily explore the applicable scenarios of an intraoral camera to assist oral anatomical landmarks recognition, so as to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment mode, cultivate the concept of caring for patients, strengthen doctor-patient communication, assist experts to teach, and improve the clinical diagnosis and efficacy rate.@*METHODS@#A new type of an intraoral camera was applied in the recognition of oral anatomy landmarks and four application scenarios were developed, namely: (1) clinical diagnosis and treatment scenarios, in which doctors used intraoral camera to conduct a comprehensive examination of patients in the mouth and take videos and photos; (2) doctor-patient communication scenarios, when the doctor told the patient about the treatment plan, the video or photo taken by the intraoral camera was displayed to the patient; (3) expert teaching scenarios, when the expert used an intraoral camera to teach in the patient's mouth, and the young doctor learned oral anatomical signs on the projection screen, with the study of theoretical lessons; (4) difficult case recording scenarios, in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, when encountering difficult cases, you could use intraoral camera to record and take photos for young doctors to discuss, and experts to comment and guide.@*RESULTS@#The application of intraoral camera could: (1) improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment mode and raise the clinical diagnosis and efficacy rate; (2) stimulate young doctors' interest in learning, use intraoral camera in assessments, and skillfully combine theoretical knowledge of anatomical landmarks with clinical practice, so as to improve the teaching effect; (3) cultivate, through self or mutual use, the concept of caring for patients and reinforce the importance of gentle operation; (4) strengthen doctor-patient communication. Doctors could communicate with patients more visually, so that the patients could better understand their own situation, and strengthen the patients' trust in the doctors.@*CONCLUSION@#Intraoral camera can assist oral clinical diagnosis and treatment, such as the recognition of oral anatomical landmarks. It plays a certain role in promoting the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment mode, stimulating learning interest, cultivating the concept of caring for patients, and enhancing doctor-patient communication.
Subject(s)
Humans , Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians , Communication , Mouth , LearningABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To predict the learning curve of tooth preparation for all ceramic crowns of maxillary central incisors on phantom head simulators for graduate students participating in standardized dental resident training based on the modified Wright learning curve model, then to analyze and applicate the learning curve.@*METHODS@#Twelve graduate students participating in standardized dental resident training were selected to prepare the resin maxillary central incisors on phantom head simulators for all ceramic crowns 4 times. The results of preparation were evaluated by 3 prosthetic experts with at least 10 years' experience focusing on the reduction, contour, taper, shoulder, finish line, margin placement, adjacent tooth injury, and preparation time for tooth preparation. The learning rate of tooth preparation was calculated by scores of tooth preparation of 4 times. The learning curve of tooth preparation was predicted based on the modified Wright learning curve model. According to the criteria of standardized training skill examinations for dental residents in Beijing, 80 was taken as the qualified standard score. The minimum training times for tooth preparation to satisfy the qualified standard score (80) was calculated, to analyze the characteristics of learning curve and evaluate the effectiveness of tooth preparation.@*RESULTS@#The scores of 4 tooth preparation were 64.03±7.80, 71.40±6.13, 74.33±5.96, and 75.98±4.52, respectively. The learning rate was (106±4)%, which showed the learning curve an upward trend. There were no significant differences between the qualified standard score and the predicted scores of tooth preparation from the 5th preparation to the 13th preparation (P > 0.05). The predicted score of the 14th preparation was higher than the qualified standard score (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The trend of the learning curve of tooth preparation for all ceramic crowns of maxillary central incisors on phantom head simulators for graduate students participating in standardized dental resident training is upward, which predicts the minimum training times higher than the qualified standard score is 14 times.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic/methods , Incisor , Learning Curve , Crowns , Tooth Preparation , Ceramics , Dental Porcelain , Dental Prosthesis DesignABSTRACT
In dental esthetic rehabilitation, patients pay great attention to the rehabilitative esthetic effect before teeth preparation, and this is also an important content of doctor-patient communication. Along with the development and combined application of intraoral scan, three-dimensional (3D) face scan, digital design, numerical control machining and 3D printing technology, digital technology is gradually applied to the virtual simulated design before irreversible operation in dental esthetic rehabilitation. Digital technology can be used in dentistry to simulate the esthetic outcome in advance, to assist communication among the dentists, patients and dental technicians, and to realize satisfactory outcome in the final restorations precisely, which, as a result, increases the clinical satisfaction. This review focuses on the application of digital virtual simulated design technology in dental esthetic rehabilitation, analyzes the current research development, deficiency and future prospects, so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Computer-Aided Design , Esthetics, Dental , Face , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Tooth PreparationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To automatically construct lips symmetry reference plane (SRP) based on posed smile, and to evaluate its advantages over conventional digital aesthetic design.@*METHODS@#Eighteen subjects' three-dimensional facial and dentition data were gathered in this study. The lips SRP of experimental groups were used with the standard weighted Procrustes analysis (WPA) algorithm and iterative closest point (ICP), respectively. A reference plane defined by experts based on regional ICP algorithm, served as the truth plane. The angle error values between the lips SRP of WPA algorithm in the experimental groups and the truth plane were evaluated in this study, and the lips SRP of ICP algorithm of the experimental groups was calculated in the same way. The lips SRP based on posed smile as a reference for aesthetic design and evaluate preliminary clinical application.@*RESULTS@#The average angle error between the lips SRP of WPA algorithm and the truth plane was 1.78°±1.24°, which was smaller than that between the lips SRP of ICP and the truth plane 7.41°±4.31°. There were significant differences in the angle errors among the groups (P < 0.05). In the aesthetic design of anterior teeth, automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile and the original symmetry plane by re-ference compared with the prosthetic design, the subjects' scores on the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile (8.48±0.57) were higher than those on the original symmetry plane (5.20±1.31).@*CONCLUSION@#Automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile was more accurate than ICP algorithm, which was consistent with the truth plane. Moreover, it can provide an important reference for oral aesthetic diagnosis and aesthetic analysis of the restoration effect. In the aesthetic design of anterior teeth, automatically constructing the lips SRP of WPA algorithm based on posed smile can improve the patients' satisfaction in esthetic rehabilitation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esthetics, Dental , Lip , Smiling , Tooth , WorkflowABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To compare the differences and indications of three evaluation methods for fitness evaluation of removable partial denture (RPD).@*METHODS@#A RPD was fabricated and seated on the stone cast of a partially edentulous mandible, and the spaces between RPD and stone cast were recorded with polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material forming PVS replicas. Using cross sectional measurement, the average thicknesses of PVS replicas were measured under stereomicroscope with different numbers of selected measuring points in the denture base, major connector, occlusal rest of the RPD, and the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured with different numbers of measuring points were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t test. Three kinds of method, including cross sectional measurement, three-dimensional analysis on the stone cast, and three-dimensional analysis on the polyether cast, were applied to measure the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas, and the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured by these three evaluation methods were compared with ANOVA.@*RESULTS@#For cross sectional measurement, statistically significant differences were found in the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas in the denture base and the major connector among the different numbers of measuring points (P < 0.05), but no differences were found in the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas in the occlusal rest (P>0.05). There were significant differences among the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured by these three evaluation methods in each component of the RPD (P < 0.01). The average thickness measured by three-dimensional analysis on the stone cast and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast were smaller than that measured by cross sectional measurement (P < 0.05). And there were no differences between the average thicknesses of PVS replicas measured by three-dimensional analysis on stone cast and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#For cross sectional measurement, the average thickness of the PVS replicas was influenced by the number of measuring points, and the measurement accuracy of cross sectional measurement was not reliable enough. Three-dimensional analysis on stone cast which is suitable for evaluation in vitro and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast which is suitable for evaluation in vivo can evaluate the fitness of RPD more comprehensively and effectively than that of cross sectional measurement.
Subject(s)
Computer-Aided Design , Cross-Sectional Studies , Denture, Partial, Removable , Exercise , Research DesignABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the preliminary application of "biocopy function" in digital technology of temporary crown in severe tooth attrition, so as to reduce the difficulty of final restoration adjustment in severe tooth wear cases, and save clinical time.@*METHODS@#Twelve patients aged between 40 and 65 years with severe tooth attrition were recruited in this study. The experimental group (6 cases, 3 females and 3 males) used the method of digital copy of temporary restoration shape when making the final restoration, and the control group (6 cases, 3 females and 3 males) used the traditional method to make the final restoration. The mean time of central occlusal adjustment and protrusive and lateral occlusal adjustment of each crown, the number of follow-up visits of the patients were recorded and statistically analyzed. The occlusal comfort of the first and the third months after wearing the prosthesis was evaluated by the patients, and the difference of the occlusal comfort of the final prosthesis made by the two methods was compared (the full score was 10 points). The occlusal adjustment time and occlusal comfort score were used as measurement data. Single sample t test was used. The number of follow-up visits was count data. Rank sum test was used for non-normal continuous variables.@*RESULTS@#The mean occlusal time of each crown adjustment in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the median number of follow-up visits in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The average occlusal comfort score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the first time (P < 0.01). After three months of crown wearing, the median occlusal comfort score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the case of severe tooth attrition, it is feasible to use the "biocopy function" in the design software to design the final prosthesis, which is conducive to reduce the difficulty of adjustment and achieve predictable functional and aesthetic effects, which is of great significance to save clinical time and improve the accuracy of restoration.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , ToothABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the possibility of the Smile Lite MDP (Smile Lite Mobile Dental Photograph) portable dental photography system applying in anterior teeth aesthetic photography, and to provide the chance to simplify aesthetic photography process and facilitate communication among patients, dentists and dental technitians.@*METHODS@#The Smile Lite MDP photography system combined with the smartphone were used to photograph the front occlusal phase photos of anterior teeth. The photographic conditions including the color temperature parameter, the Smile Lite MDP light position and the intensity settings were explored. The best photographic conditions were chosen by blind evaluation within experienced dentists and technicians through the method of the visual analogue scale/score (VAS) evaluation, which went through statistical analysis to figure out the optimum photograghic conditions. Smile Lite MDP photography system was used to photograph the front occlusal phase photos of anterior teeth under the optimum parameter by different magnifications. The width/height ratio of the central incisor and the front width ratio of the upper anterior teeth in those photos were measured and calculated respectively. The accuracy of the anterior teeth photos taken by Smile Lite MDP photography system was analyzed based on the photographs taken by digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera.@*RESULTS@#The optimum color temperature parameter of Smile Lite MDP portable camera system was 5 000 K, the optimum magnification was 4 times, the best light position was the side lights of Smile Lite MDP, the optimum intensity of lights was 2 grades. Photos taken by the optimum parameters won the highest score during the VAS evaluation and the result of statistical analysis had significant difference compared with other groups (P<0.05). When comparing the photos of the upper anterior teeth taken by the Smile Lite MDP portable photography system using 4 times magnification or by DSLR using the standard parameters, there was no significant difference neither in the width/hieght ratio of the central incisor nor in the front width ratio of the upper anterior teeth (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The Smile Lite MDP portable dental photography system applying in anterior teeth aesthetic analysis photography was capable to show the color and shape of anterior teeth in an accurate way by using the right photography parameters. Therefore, Smile Lite MDP portable dental photography system was considered to be a simple and easy photographic tool in clinical work.
Subject(s)
Humans , Esthetics , Esthetics, Dental , Incisor , Photography , SmilingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a 3D printing system for bone tissue engineering scaffold fabrication based on the principle of fused deposition modeling, and to evaluate the controllability over macro and micro structure precision of polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds.@*METHODS@#The system was composed of the elements mixture-I bioprinter and its supporting slicing software which generated printing control code in the G code file format. With a diameter of 0.3 mm, the nozzle of the bioprinter was controlled by a triaxial stepper motor and extruded melting material. In this study, a 10 mm×10 mm×2 mm cuboid CAD model was designed in the image ware software and saved as STL file. The file was imported into the slicing software and the internal structure was designed in a pattern of cuboid pore uniform distribution, with a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. Then the data were exported as Gcode file and ready for printing. Both polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) filaments were used to print the cuboid parts and each material was printed 10 times repeatedly. After natural cooling, the PLA and PCL scaffolds were removed from the platform and the macro dimensions of each one were measured using a vernier caliper. Three scaffolds of each material were randomly selected and scanned by a 3D measurement laser microscope. Measurements of thediameter of struts and the size of pores both in the interlayer overlapping area and non-interlayer overlapping area were taken.@*RESULTS@#The pores in the printed PLA and PCL scaffolds were regular and interconnected. The printed PLA scaffolds were 9.950 (0.020) mm long, 9.950 (0.003) mm wide and 1.970 (0.023) mm high, while the PCL scaffolds were 9.845 (0.025) mm long, 9.845 (0.045) mm wide and 1.950 (0.043) mm high. The struts of both the PLA and PCL parts became wider inthe interlayer overlapping area, and the former was more obvious. The difference between the designed size and the printed size was greatest in the pore size of the PLA scaffolds in interlayer overlapping area [(274.09 ± 8.35) μm)], which was 26.91 μm. However, it satisfied the requirements for research application.@*CONCLUSION@#The self-established 3D printing system for bone tissue engineering scaffold can be used to print PLA and PCL porous scaffolds. The controllability of this system over macro and micro structure can meet the precision requirements for research application.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones , Polyesters , Porosity , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Tissue Engineering , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a complete workflow of digital design and manufacturing occlusal splint for sleep bruxism, which can be preliminarily applied in clinical use, thus observe the clinical efficacy.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four patients with sleep bruxism were recruited in the study and randomly divided into two groups by using random number tables. Digital-occlusal-splint (experimental group) treatment plan and traditional-occlusal-splint (control-group) treatment plan were carried out for each group, respectively. For experimental group, digital models of patients' both dental arches and the occlusion relationship after elevation were captured using an intraoral scanner. The occlusal splint was carried out by computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), including splint designing and milling. For control group, the traditional soft occlusal splint was fabricated by vacuum laminator. The two kinds of occlusal splints were tried in the patients from each group, and the occlusal contacts were tested respectively by T-scan analysis system, which recorded the changes of occlusal indicators in the two groups. The retention, appearance and occlusal comfort degree were evaluated by the two groups of patients. Mann-Whitney test was performed with IBM SPSS 20.0 software, and bilateral test was performed. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#The complete workflow of digital design and manufacturing occlusal splint was successfully established. During the clinical use, there was no statistical difference in the retention evaluation of two kinds of occlusal splints between the two groups of patients (Z=-0.538, P=0.590). The appearance score (Z=2.038, P=0.042) and the occlusal comfort score (Z=-2.579, P=0.010) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences. The T-scan analysis results showed that only the second molar on both sides of the traditional occlusal splint had occlusal contact in intercupsal position, while the digital occlusal splint had stable and bilaterally balanced contact between the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Furthermore, the occlusal force was uniformly distributed in the experimental group.@*CONCLUSION@#The complete workflow of digital occlusal splint improves the occlusal design, greatly simplifies and optimizes the traditional process of making occlusal splint. This new method is resource-saving and environmental-friendly, and it is able to serve patients more conveniently and efficiently.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Arch , Dental Occlusion , Occlusal Splints , Sleep Bruxism , WorkflowABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To develop a digital workflow of orthodontic-prosthodontic multidisciplinary treatment plan which can be applied in complicated anterior teeth esthetic rehabilitation, in order to enhance the efficiency of communication between dentists and patients, and improve the predictability of treatment outcome.@*METHODS@#Twenty patients with the potential needs of orthodontic-prosthodontic multidisciplinary treatment to solve their complicated esthetic problems in anterior teeth were recruited in this study. Digital models of patients' both dental arches and soft tissues were captured using intra oral scanner. Direct prosthodontic (DP) treatment plan and orthodontic-prosthodontic (OP) treatment plan were carried out for each patient. For DP treatment plans, digital wax-up models were directly designed on original digital models using prosthodontic design system. For OP treatment plans, virtual-setups were performed using orthodontic analyze system according to orthodontic and esthetic criteria and imported to prosthodontic design system to finalize the digital wax-up models. These two treatment plans were shown to the patients and demonstrated elaborately. Each patient rated two treatment plans using visual analogue scales and the medians of scores of two treatment plans were analyzed using signed Wilcoxon test. Having taken into consideration various related factors, including time, costs of treatment, each patient chose a specific treatment plan. For the patients chose DP treatment plans, digital wax-up models were exported and printed into resin diagnostic models which would be utilized in the prosthodontic treatment process. For the patients chose OP treatment plans, virtual-setups were used to fabricate aligners or indirect bonding templates and digital wax-up models were also exported and printed into resin diagnostic models for prosthodontic treatment after orthodontic treatment completed.@*RESULTS@#The medians of scores of DP treatment plan and OP treatment plan were calculated and analyzed by IBM SPSS 20. The median of scores of DP treatment plan was 8.4, the minimum value was 6.9 and the maximum value was 9.3. The median of scores of OP treatment plan was 9.0, the minimum value was 7.9 and the maximum value was 9.6. The median of scores of OP was significantly higher than that of DP (Z=-3.23, P<0.01). Finally, 12 patients chose OP treatment plans and 8 patients chose DP treatment plans.@*CONCLUSION@#For cases with complex esthetic problems in anterior teeth, a digital workflow can demonstrate final treatment outcome and help patients make suitable treatment decisions. In our study, the orthodontic-prosthodontic multidisciplinary treatment plan is feasible which can provide predictions of treatment outcome and improve esthetic outcome with patients' satisfaction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Arch , Esthetics, Dental , Prosthodontics , ToothABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP-2), a histone H3K4 demethylase, on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stromal cell (hASC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the GenBank sequence information of RBP-2, four different small interfering RNAs (siRNA) targeting RBP-2 gene were designed and the corresponding short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) were cloned into pLL 3.7 lentivirus RNA interference vector. The lentivirus with RBP-2-siRNA was packaged in 293T cells. The effective sequence was examined and selected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The lentiviruses with efficient knockdown effects were used to infect hASC. On the 14th day after osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities of hASC were quantitatively tested and at the same time, ALP staining and alizarin red staining were performed to assess the difference of osteogenic differentiation between the knockdown group and the control group.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recombinant lentivirus siRNA targeting RBP-2 was successfully constructed and the expression of RBP-2 mRNA and protein were dramatically suppressed by infection with RBP-2-siRNA lentivirus. On the 14th day after osteogenic induction, ALP activity of hASC in the knockdown group [(299.2 ± 22.7), (224.3 ± 17.7) U/g] was much stronger than that in the control group [(129.9 ± 12.9) U/g, P < 0.05] and the same result was achieved for the ALP staining and alizarin red staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The constructed RBP-2-siRNA lentivirus could markedly decrease the expression of RBP-2 and promote osteogenic differentiation of hASC. It indicated that RBP-2 can repress the osteogenic differentiation of hASC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Adipose Tissue , Cell Biology , Alkaline Phosphatase , Metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Cell Line, Tumor , Cells, Cultured , Gene Knockdown Techniques , HEK293 Cells , Lentivirus , Osteogenesis , Osteosarcoma , Pathology , RNA Interference , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Stromal Cells , Cell Biology , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) can be induced to differentiate along an osteoblastic lineage under stimulation of dexamethasone (DEX). Recent studies, however, have questioned the efficacy of glucocorticoids such as DEX in mediating the osteogenesis process of skeletal progenitor cells and processed lipoaspirate cells. Is it possible to find a substitute for DEX? Therefore, this study was designed to investigate osteogenic capacity and regulating mechanisms for osteoblastic differentiation of hADSCs by comparing osteogenic media (OM) containing either 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD) or DEX and determine if VD was an ideal substitute for DEX as an induction agent for the osteogenesis of hADSCs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs was induced by osteogenic medium (OM) containing either 10 nmol/L VD or 100 nmol/L DEX. Differentiation of hADSCs into osteoblastic lineage was identified by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, von Kossa staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes such as type I collagen (COL I), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, runt-related transcription factor 2/core binding factor alpha1 (Runx2/Cbfa1), osterix (Osx), and LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>von Kossa staining revealed that the differentiated cells induced by both VD and DEX were mineralized in vitro. They also expressed osteoblast-related markers, such as ALP, COL I, BSP, and OC. Runx2/Cbfa1, Osx, BMP-6, and LMP-1 were upregulated during VD and DEX-induced hADSC osteoblastic differentiation, but BMP-4, BMP-7 were not. BMP-2 was only expressed in VD-induced differentiated cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VD or DEX-induced hADSCs differentiate toward the osteoblastic lineage in vitro. Runx2/Cbfa1, Osx, BMP-2, BMP-6, and LMP-1 are involved in regulating osteoblastic differentiation of hADSCs, but BMP-4, BMP-7 are not. VD, but not DEX, induces expression of BMP-2 during osteogenic induction of hADSCs. VD is an ideal substitute for DEX for osteogenic induction of hADSCs.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Adipose Tissue , Cell Biology , Calcitriol , Pharmacology , Cell Differentiation , Cells, Cultured , Collagen Type I , Genetics , Cytoskeletal Proteins , Dexamethasone , Pharmacology , Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Genetics , LIM Domain Proteins , Osteoblasts , Cell Biology , Osteocalcin , Genetics , Osteogenesis , RNA, Messenger , Sialoglycoproteins , Genetics , Stromal Cells , Cell BiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the long-term effect of endovascular occlusion with microcoils on traumatic pseudoaneurysms (TPAs) in the common carotid artery in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TPAs in the right common carotid artery were surgically made in 16 rabbits. At 3-4 weeks after operation, the survived 12 models were randomly divided into a control group (n=3) with no treatment and an experimental group (n=9), in which TPAs were intraluminally embolized with microcoils and corresponding therapy was given. Three months after embolization, the TPAs were examined with digital subtraction angiography and pathology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 3 rabbits in the control group all died of rupture of TPA. Among the 9 TPAs occluded with microcoils, 4 were completely occluded, 4 were partially occluded, and 1 was excluded due to the microcoils migrating into the parent artery. Three months after embolization, the 4 TPAs which were completely occluded remained obliterated as determined by digital subtraction angiographic findings. The parent artery remained unobstructed and the structure of the TPAs were replaced by a mass of scar tissues. The 4 TPAs which were partially occluded remained unruptured and the microcoils were compressed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The lumen in TPA can be completely occluded by microcoils and the parent artery is unblocked. Partial occlusion of the lumen can also prevent the rupture of TPA.</p>